Appendix 1.  CCIM curriculum for BAMS degree program in AMI

CENTRAL COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE, STATUTARY BODY UNDER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE

MINIMUM STANDARD OF EDUCATION IN INDIAN MEDICINE FOR AYURVEDACHARYA (BAMS)(Minimum Standards of Education in Indian Medicine) Regulations, 1986 , New Delhi, the 13th July, 1989

13.1 NUMBER OF LECTURES PRACTICAL AND EMONSTRATIONS FOR VARIOUS SUBJECTS:MMINIMUM STANDARD OF EDUCATION IN INDIAN MEDCINE FOR AYURVEDACHARYA

  NOTE: The period of theory and practical shall not be less than 60 minutes (one hour) duration. The duration of the practical of clinical subjects and Rachna Sharir (Dissection) shall be of at least 120 minutes (Two hours).

 

NUMBER OF LECTURES PRACTICAL AND DEMONSTRATIONS FOR VARIOUS SUBJECTS:

Subject

Lectures (hours)                    

Practical and Demonstrations

       SUBJECTS OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL

 

1. Ayurved Ka Itihas   (History of AMI) 

60                                           

                                                --

2. Sanskrit (Language)

150                                         

--

3. Padarth Vigyan (Ayu Physics)

150                                         

30

4. Astang Sangrah, (Text)

60

--        

5.RachnaSharir (Anatomy)

210                                         

210

6. Kriya Sharir (Physiology)

210                                         

90

            Total                                              780                                        330

                         Subjects

Lectures                    

Practical and Demonstrations

                        SUBJECTS OF SECOND PROFESSIONAL

7. Swastha Vritta (Hygiene)                             

180                                         

50

8. Dravyagun Vigyan (Pharmacology)

180                                         

90

9. Ras Shastra Bhaishajya Kalpana (Drugs of herbal, mineral, metal and animal origin)

180                                         

90

10. Agad Tantra Vyavhar Ayurved      Avam Vidhi Vaidyak (Toxicology and Forensic Medicine)             

100                                         

50

11. Rog Vigyan Avam Vikriti Vigyan (Pathology)

180                                         

90

12. Charak Samhita (Text)

100                                         

--

Total                                                                                    920                      370

SUBJECTS OF THIRD PROFESSIONAL:-                 

13. Prasuti Tantra Avam Strirog (OB and GY)

150

In Hospital

 

 

3 Months

14. Kaumar Bharitya    (Pediatrics)                  

90

1 Months

15.KayaChikitsa         (Medicine)

400

12 Months

16. Shalya Tantra        (Surgery)

210

6 Months

17. Shalakya Tantra      (Eye, Ear, Nose and throat)                 

210

4 Months         

18. Charak Samhita      (Text)

100

-------

Total                                                                                       1160               

         

13.2 The clinical training in the hospital attached with college to the students shall be as below:


(i)
KAYACHIKITSA (INDOOR AND OUTDOOR): 12 MONTHS

  (a) General - 6 months

  (b) Panch Karma - 2 months

  (c) Manas Rog - 15 days

  (d) SankramakRog - 15 days

  (e) X-ray - 1 month

  (f) Atyayik - 2 months

(ii) SHALYA TANTRA (INDOOR): 6 MONTHS

  (a) General - 5 months (at least one month in O.T.)

  (b) Atyayik - 1 months

(iii) SHALAKYA TANTRA (INDOOR & OUTDOOR) : 4 MONTHS

  (a) General - 3 months (at least one month in O.T.)

  (b) Atyayik -1 months

 

(iv) PRASUIT TANTRA  AVAM STRIROG : 3 MONTHS

(v) KAUMAR BHRITYA : 1MONTH

QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE FOR TEACHING STAFF:

   (Applicable for recruitments made after 1st July 1989)

  (i) ESSENTIAL:

   (a) A degree in Ayurved from a University established by law or a Statutory Board/ Faculty/Examining Body of Indian Medicine or its equivalent as recognized under Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970.

   (b) A Post-graduate qualification in the subject/specialty concerned included in the Schedule to Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970.

   (c) Adequate knowledge of Sanskrit

(ii) EXPERIENCE

        (a) FOR THE POST OF PROFESSOR: Total teaching experience of ten years in the Department is necessary out of which there should be five years teaching experience as Reader/Assistant. Professor or ten years experience as a Lecturer in the concerned subject wherever the posts of Reader/Assistant  Professors do not exist.

        (b) FOR THE POST OF READER: Total teaching experience of five years in the subject is necessary out of which there should be three years teaching experience as Lecturer in the subject concerned.

        (c) FOR THE POST OF LECTURER: No teaching experience is required.

        (d) FOR THE POST OF PRINCIPAL: The qualification and experience prescribed for the post of Professor should be considered essential for the post of Principal.

(iii) DESIRABLE:

Original published papers/books on the Subject.

NOTE: If the post-graduate qualification holders for the following subjects are not available, the post-graduate qualification obtained in the subject as noted against the subject shall be admissible: -

Name of Subject                                 Discipline of Post-graduate

1. Swastha Vritta                            1. Kaya Chikitsa  2. Basic Principle

2.AgadTantra                                  1. Kaya Chikitsa   2.DravyaGun

3. Padarth Vigyan/ Samhita/Itihas  Basic Principles

4. Rog Vigyan                                   Kaya Chikitsa

5. Rachna Sharir/Kriya Sharir        Sharir  Basic Principles .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 2. AMI training centers in the US

                                                           

1. Ayurveda Institute of America, Foster City, CA Directed by Dr. Jay Apte

15 month diploma in Ayurvedic Sciences

 

www.ayurvedicinstitute.com

Tel: 650-341-8400

 

California College of Ayurveda, Grass Valley, CA

Director: Dr. Marc Halpern

Offers: 16 month full time diploma program (Clinical Ayurveda Specialist certification)

 

1/2 year part time diploma program

Both followed by a 6 month internship

www.ayurvedacollege.com

Tel: 866-541-6699

 

2. Ganesha Institute, Los Altos, CA

Directed by Pratichi Mathur

www.healingmission.com

Tel: 650-961-8316

 

3. Tulsi School of Ayurveda, Orange, CA

Directed by Dr. Sneha Tilak, BAMS

Ayurvedic basics, Yoga and meditation, offers conferences and seminars

Tel: 714-279-8680

Email:  Vandana@tulsihealth.com  

Web site:www.tulsihealth.com

 

Colorado

4.  Ayurvedic Certification Course, Denver, CO

Director: Pat Hansen, M.A., Colorado state certified, approved by the Ayurvedic Institute, N.M.

padmashakti@earthlink.net

Tel: 303-512-0819

 

5. Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga & Ayurveda, Boulder, CO

Director: Sarasvati Buhrman, PhD, Boulder CO 750 hour program Yoga Therapy & Ayurveda AyurDoula program rmiya@earthlink.net Web site: www.rmiya.org

Tel: 303-499-2910

 

Florida

6. Hindu University of America Orlando, FL

Offers Master's degrees in yoga and Ayurveda.

Web site: www.hindu-University.edu

Email: staff@Hindu-University.edu

Tel: 407-275-0013

 

7.  Florida Vedic College, Sarasota, FL

Directed by Dr. Light Miller

Offers Associate, Bachelor's and Master's degrees through Florida Vedic College.

www.ayurvedichealers.com

Email: earthess@aol.com

Tel: 941-929-0999

 

Massachusetts

8. Kripalu School of Ayurveda, Lenox, MA

Dean of Curriculum:Hilary J. Garivaltis, D.Ay.Web site: www.kripalu.org

Email: ksa@kripalu.org

Tel: 800-848-8702 X3

Classes begin January 2005

 

New Jersey

9. New Jersey Institute of Ayurveda

Director: William Courson

Chief Instructor : Dr. Aparna Bapat

www.starseedyoga.com

ayurveda@consultant.com

Tel: (973) 783-1036, X7

 

10. Ayurveda-Yoga Institute

Directors: Gandharva Sauls and Sarah Tomlinson Chief Ancient Ayurveda Instructor: Gandharva Sauls Trainings and CD correspondence www.ancient-ayurveda.com gandharva@earthlink.net

 

New York

11. Ayurvedic Holistic Center, Bayville, NY

Director: Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha

www.ayurvedahc.com

 

Ayurveda-Yoga Institute

Directors: Gandharva Sauls and Sarah Tomlinson Chief Ancient Ayurveda Instructor: Gandharva Sauls Trainings and CD correspondence www.ancient-ayurveda.com gandharva@earthlink.net

Tel: 800-452-1798

 

12. New Mexico

The Ayurvedic Institute, Albuquerque, NM

Director: Dr. Vasant Lad

Level I Ayurvedic Studies Program

Level II Ayurvedic Studies Program

Pune Gurukula Program

Ayurvedic Correspondence Course

www.ayurveda.com

Tel: 505-291-9698

 

13. American Institute of Vedic Science, Sante Fe, NM

Director: Dr. David Frawley

Correspondence course

www.vedanet.com

Tel: 505-983-9385

 

North Carolina

14. Blue Lotus Ayurveda Center, Asheville, NC

Director: Vishnu Dass, NTS, LMT., C.Ayu.

www.bluelotusayurveda.com

Tel: (828) 713-4266

 

15. Wise Earth School of Ayurveda, Candler, NC

Director: Swamini Mayatitananda

www.wisearth.org

Tel: 828-258-9999

 

Pennsylvania

16. Ojas Ayurveda & Yoga Institute, Inc., Macungie, PA

Director: Dr.(Vaidya) Shekhar Annambhotla, B.A.M.S., M.D.(Ayurveda-India), YICC, RYT-500 Web site: www.ojas.us Email: shekhar@ojas.us

Tel: 484-347-6110

 

Vermont

17. Green Mountain Institute, White River Jct, VT

Director: Fred Duncan, D.Ay.

New: offers a Master's degree in Ayurvedic Science. Integrates ayurveda with modern health sciences.

www.greenmountaininstitute.com

Tel: 802-295-6629 Email: captaindraft@adelphia.net

 

Washington

18. AYU Ayurvedic Academy, Seattle, WA

Director: Dr. Vivek Shanbhag

One-year weekend program

Level I 400 hours to Certified Ayurvedic Practitioner Level II 400 hours to Advanced CAP Master's degree in coordination with Hindu University of America Web site:www.ayurvedaonline.com

Email: drs@ayurvedaonline.com

Tel: 206-729-9999

 

Wisconsin School

19. Kanyakumari Ayurveda Education & Retreat Center, Inc.

State approved: Certified Ayurveda Educator and Practitioner Training Programs, Panchakarma technician training. Yoga teacher training programs approved by Yoga Alliance.

www.kanyakumari.us

Email: Kanyakumari@wi.rr.com

Tel: 414-228-7145

 

20. Kripalu School of Ayurveda

Lenox, MA

www.kripalu.org

Contact: Hilary Garivaltis

Email: hilary@kripalu.org

Phone: 413-448-3324

 

21. HINDU UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA

113 N. Econlockhatchee Trail,

ORLANDO, FL 32825-3732
Phone:
407-275-0013 e-mail:

 admin@hindu-university.edu

     22. American Institute of Vedic studies

PO Box 8357, Santa Fe NM 87504-8357
Ph: 505-983-9385

Dr. David Frawley (Pandit Vamadeva Shastri)
Founder and Director; 
www.vedanet.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Appendix 3: Examples of conventional drugs banned for serious adverse health effects 

Banned drugs:  1. Redux, 2. Pondimin ,3. Rezulin ,4. Lotronex ,5. Posicor,6. Seldane  ,7. Hismanal ,8. Propulsid ,9. Duract Raxar,10. Rotashield and ,11. Trovan.   

There are many more drugs that have serious side effects and may be banned in future.

Ritalin ,Bextra ,Vioxx  ,Crestor  , and Paxil

According to a new study, conventional medicine in the USA kills almost 1 million people yearly (Bolen Report 2004). An independent review revealed that in most cases, “American medicine does more harm than good. Compelling evidence from this study unveiled astounding statistics on the 783,936 deaths per year that have resulted from conventional medicine." 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 4:  Government of India’s Initiative to globalize Ayurveda (Adapted from the Government of India Department of Ayurveda (Ayush) web site)

As a result many foreign countries have began looking to India for understanding Ayurveda and incorporating it through education, research and practice to meet the overwhelming desire of consumers to access Complementary & Alternative Medicine. Indian Missions in U.S.A., U.K., Russia, Germany, Hungary, South Africa have played an effective role in channeling the information of Ayurveda and opening up new opportunities for the spread of Indian Medicine in to foreign institutions and the general public awareness building about Ayurveda in the foreign countries has been identified as an important thrust area. During 2001-2002 following efforts were made by the Indian Govt. in the area of globalization: Experts were deputed to attend symposia & Seminars held in foreign countries to project Indian experiences & initiatives in the field of traditional medicine.

1. A delegation led by Joint Secretary, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy and consisting of Ayurveda experts, scientists and industry representatives presented scientific basis of Ayurveda and the extensive research work done before a Sub Committee on Alternative Medicine set up by the House of Lords of the U.K. Parliament resulting in to moving the Ayurvedic single herbal medicines from category-3 to category-1. This presentation led to dispel doubts about the efficacy validity and scientific basis of Ayurveda which was in fact acknowledged by Lord Walton in the UK Parliament.

2. A Seminar cum Exhibition mainly of Ayurveda was arranged in Geneva on the occasion of the World Health Assembly with a view to sensitize the participants of the assembly about the infrastructure, strengths, scientific validity & basis of Ayurveda and efficacious role of Panchkarma in treatment of chronic diseases. The event was well received and succeeded to generate interest for Ayurveda products and literature.

3. Two seminars and a presentation of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy were organized in the ‘Made in India’ show at Johannesburg, South Africa during 18-21 July, 2001. Yoga demonstrations and literatures on the practice of Ayurveda,use of medicinal plants in the treatment of common ailments, strengths of Homoeopathy in health care and preventive & curative roles of Yoga were arranged during the seminar. Getting convinced with the strength and scientific basis of Ayurveda, South Africa has decided to enact a Regulation which will oversee in import of Traditional medicines particularly Ayurveda & Unani. Indian delegation under the leadership of Minister of State for Health & Family Welfare also visited the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, which is a part of the University of Dehradun where, it has been decided to introduce a course on Ayurveda.

4. Yoga experts from National Institute of Yogam, New Delhi participated in a Yoga conference arranged by the Indian Embassy in Dushanbe, Kazakhstan. Lecture cum Demonstration of Yoga were given not only to the general public but also to the staff of Ministry of Defense, teaching faculty & students of Medical University, doctors and staff of the Army Hospital.

5. An Indian team comprising Joint Secretary of the Department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homeopathy and Ayurveda experts from premier institutes participated in a seminar on Indian Systems of Medicine held in Berlin, Germany. Infrastructure related details, policy support, research work of Ayurveda was highlighted through an audio-visual presentation.

6. A five member delegation led by the Secretary of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homeopathy visited Moscow and St. Petersburg in Russia to assess the development made on the implementation of the MOU signed between India and Russia for undertaking collaborative & co-operative activities in the field of Ayurveda. A series of meetings were held during the visit with Deputy Health Minister of Russian Federation, Academic Council of Doctors of St. Petersburg Moscow Institute of Medico-Social Rehabilitation, Russian State Medical University, Academician G.I. Marchuk, Director of the Russian Academy of Sciences and representatives of Russian companies interested in importing Ayurvedic medicines and other products. The main issues discussed were related to deputation of Ayurveda teachers & experts, establishment of Ayurveda Research Center in Russia, import of Ayurveda medicines, translation of Ayurveda books & research papers in Russian language and above all recognition of Ayurveda as a medical and health care system in Russia. All these issues are actively followed up for fruitful implementation of the MOU for propagation of Ayurveda in Russia in right perspective.

7. Secretary of the Department along with Adviser –Ayurveda visited USA in November 2001 to discuss Ayurveda education program with the officers of the National Center for Alternate & Complementary Medicine, which is under the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Washington; for evolving plans to facilitate the introduction of training modules on Ayurveda in US medical schools. A clear strategy for overall development and propagation of Ayurveda in USA has been laid down and capsule courses of Ayurveda will be introduced in US medical schools. It was decided that a team of 15 medical experts would visit India for interaction with Indian experts for exploring possibility of research collaboration in the field of Ayurveda. University of Maryland’s Medical School was found to be very receptive to introducing Ayurveda sessions in the university and to start short term teaching program for students.

8. An Ayurveda officer from the department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homeopathy participated in a W.H.O. Regional meeting on ‘Integration of Traditional Medicine in the National Health Systems’ held in November 2001 at Harare, Zimbabwe. 9. A Memorandum of Understanding is being signed with the Government of Hungary for development of Ayurveda in that country. Hungarian Government has recognized Ayurveda and 40 of its products are being sold there.  

 

 

 

Appendix 5:  Frequently asked questions about AMI (Adapted from the Government of India Department of Ayurveda, Ayush web site)

Q.1 WHAT IS AYURVEDA?

“AYURVEDA" is made up of two words-Ayuh and Veda. Ayuh means life and Veda means knowledge or science. Thus "AYURVEDA’ in totality means ‘Science of life’. It incorporates all aspects of life whether physical, psychological, spiritual or social. What is beneficial and what is harmful to life, what is happy life and what is sorrowful life; all these four questions and life span allied issues are elaborately and emphatically discussed in Ayurveda.

Q.2 WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF AYURVEDA?

Ayurveda is the ancient most total health care system. The antique Vedic texts have scattered references of Ayurvedic Remedies and allied aspects of medicine and health.  Atharva  Veda mainly deals with extensive Ayurvedic information. That is why Ayurveda is said to be the off shoot of Atharva Veda.

Q.3 WHAT IS THE AYURVEDIC VIEWPOINT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF BODY?

The Ayurvedic scheme of life indicates that Universe as well as human body is made up of five basic elements collectively called ‘Panch Mahabhootas’.  These are Aakash (Ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire), Aapa (Water) and Prithvi (Earth). The sixth mandatory component of life is Atma (life spirit) without which life ceases. The human body is made up of Doshas (Bio-humours), Dhatus (Body matrix) and Malas (excretory products). Vata, Pitta and Kapha, known as Tridoshs are physiological entities of the body which are responsible for carrying out all the functions of the body. Dhatus are the structural entities of the body. These are Rasa (Plasma), Rakta (Blood cells), Mamsa (Muscular tissue), Meda (Fatty tissue), Asthi (Bony tissue), Majja (Bone marrow) and Shukra (Hormonal and other secretions of genital).  Agni (Metabolic fire) is in thirteen different forms and carries out the whole metabolism of the body. The waste products of the body are produced in the body as bye-products of metabolism. These are known as malas which include feces, Sweda (sweat) and Mutra (urine). All biotransformations within the body occur through Srotases (body channels) which are the sites for action of Agni.

Q.4 WHAT IS THE BASIC PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH, DISEASE AND TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA?

As per Ayurveda, ‘Health’ is a state of equilibrium of normal functions of Doshas, Dhatus, Malas and Agni.. It means that when Dosh-Dhatu-Malas and Agni are constantly in a state of functional equilibrium, then health is maintained.  Distortion of the equilibrium results into disease.  An erratic lifestyle is believed to be one of the basic causes of failure in the mechanism of equilibrium.

Treatment either with or without drugs and application of specific rules of diet, physical and mental activities as described brings back the state of equilibrium..

Q.5 HOW IS DIAGNOSIS DONE IN AYURVEDA?

Diagnosis is aimed at establishing the type of pathology and correct status of the illness.  Diagnosis is accomplished through examination of the patient by inspection, palpation, percussion and interrogation.

The second type of examination is to assess the strength and physical status of the individual so that the type of management required could be planned accordingly. For this examination of Prakriti (Body constitution), Saar (Tissue quality), Samhnan (physique), Satva (Mental strength), Satamya (specific adaptability), Aaharshakti (diet intake capacity), Vyayaam shakti (exercise capacity) and Vaya (age) is done. On the basis of this examination the individual is decided to be having Pravar bal (excellent strength), Madhyam Bal (moderate strength) or Heen Bal (low strength).

Q.6 WHAT ARE THE MODES OF AYURVEDIC TREATMENT?

Eight divisions of Ayurvedic therapeutics exist:  Kayachikitsa (Internal medicine), Shalya (Surgery), Shalkya (Otorhinolaryngology and Opthalmology), Kaumr Bhritya (Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics) Agad tantra (Toxicology), Rasayana (Gerentorology), Vajikaran (Aphrodisiacs) and Bhoot Vidya (Psychiatry).

The principles of treatment are Shodhan (purification), Shaman (palliative and conservative), Nidan parivarjan (avoidance of causative and precipitating factors of disease) and Pathya Vyavastha (do’s and don’ts regarding diets lifestyle). Shodhan therapy includes Panchkarma treatment.   Snehan (olation) and Swedan (getting perspiration) are employed before Panchkarma..

Q.7 WHAT ARE THE MAIN CLASSICAL REFERENCE BOOKS OF AYURVEDA?

The main classical texts for reference of Ayurvedic principles comprise of Charak Samhita, Susrut Samhita, Astang Hridaya, Sharangdhar Samhita, Madhav Nidan, Kashyap Samhita, Bhavprakash and Bhaisajya Ratnavali etc.

Q.8 WHERE DO RAW MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING AYURVEDIC MEDICINES COME FROM?

Natural products whether plant, animal or minerals are considered appropriate sources of raw material for Ayurvedic medicines. However 600 medicinal plant (whole or part of it), 52 minerals and 50 animal products are commonly used.

Q.9 HOW ARE AYURVEDIC MEDICINES MARKETED?

Ayurvedic medicines are marketed in various forms.  They are generally found as tablets, pills, powders, fermentation products (Asva-arishta), decoctions, medicated fats (medicated dehydarated butter called Ghrita and vegetable oils called Tela).  For topical use drops, creams, lotions, liniments and ointments are available. Dried plant extracts in capsule form are also in used.

Q.10 IS THERE SCOPE FOR AYURVEDA IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD?

Ayurveda has a wide scope as far as the prevention of diseases, promotion of health and its preservation are concerned. Lifestyle rules mentioned in Ayurvedic texts if applied rigorously give definite results. Lifestyle related diseases, such as, drug abuse, degenerative diseases, auto immune diseases and certain metabolic and allergic disorders are well manageable with Ayurvedic physical and behavioral modalities and medicines.

Q.11 IS THERE ANY RATIONALE BEHIND INTEGRTING AYURVEDA AND WESTERN MEDICINE?

Because of a multidimensional wide range of efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment, where certain disease conditions or symptoms become refractory to conventional treatment, a harmonized approach of these two systems of health care has proven to be successful and fruitful. Sometimes Ayurveda produces a synergistic activity while in other instances may antagonize or minimize the toxicity of modern drugs.

Q.12 IS AYURVEDA RECOGNISED BY W.H.O?

About 20 years back, W.H.O. adopted Traditional Medicine program in conjunction with the goal of health for all with the adoption of primary health care approach. W.H.O recognizes Ayurvedic therapies which has solid scientific evidence with no toxicity.  

(i) Number of Registered Ayurvedic Practitioners 361,881, (ii) Number of Ayurvedic dispensaries 14,252, (iii) Number of Ayurvedic hospitals 2,189, (iv) Bed strength 33,145, (v) Number of Ayurvedic teaching institutions(Under Graduate) 187, (vi) Number of upgraded Post Graduate Depts. in Ayurveda  51, (vii) Number of specialties in Post Graduation 16.

Q.15 WHAT IS THE REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR AYURVEDIC FOR  EDUCATION AND PRACTICE IN INDIA?

The Central Council of Indian Medicine is a body established under the provisions of the  IMCC Act, 1970 to maintain Central Register of Practitioners of Indian Medicines and for dealing with connected matters. The Council is responsible for maintaining the minimum standards of education.

This Council introduced the following regulated degree programs.

1. Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS), Ayurvedacharya, an Ayurveda degree course,

2. MD Ayurveda, Vachaspati,  an  Ayurveda Post Graduate Degree Course Ayurveda

3.. Ph.D Ayurveda,  Ayurveda Varidhi

Q.16 HOW SHOULD I ACCESS AYURVEDIC MEDICINE?

Ayurveda Medicines are being sold in two ways:1.  practicing Ayurveda doctors and 2. retail stores. Both types of sources are available in almost all small and big towns/ cities where from required Ayurveda medicines can be accessed.

Q.17 HOW DO I FIND A COMPETENT AYURVEDA PRACTITIONERE?

Any Ayurveda doctor having qualifications equivalent to those mentioned in 2nd,3rd and 4th chedules of Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 will be recognized as a medical practitioner.  BAMS and MD (Ayurveda) degrees previous and post the Central Act will be  recognized sufficient for the purpose of registration and practice of Ayurvedic Medicine in India.

Q.18 HOW SAFE IS TO BUY AYURVEDIC MEDICINE OVER THE COUNTER?

Medicines are safe if the manufacturer is licensed to import into the US utilizing GMP and shall describe the label of the container specifically describes date of manufacturing, expiry date, and ingredients of the medicine and necessary precaution.

Q.19 CAN ONE TAKE AYURVEDIC MEDICINE WITH CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE

If not indicated otherwise by the attending physician, Ayurveda Medicines can generally be taken along with allopathic medicines. Moreover, Ayurveda Medicines are used as adjuvant to allopathic medicines in many chronic and degenerative diseases. As such there is no harm to consume simple herbal formulations of Ayurveda even without the prescription of the doctor.  But mineral based medicines must be used after due consultation and advice of a licensed Ayurvedic physician.

Q.20 WHAT ARE THE COMMON AYURVEDIC MEDICINE WHICH CAN BE USED WITHOUT CONSULTING A PHYSICIAN?

Simple herbal medicines like powders, pills & tablets, syrups and decoctions has been used for the management of common ailments like cough, cold, fever, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, body & joint pains etc, even without the prescription of a doctor. Similarly, herbal tonics/ health foods can also be consumed if the same do not create any alarming discomfort or upset.

Q.21 WHEN PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY OF INDIAN MEDICINE (PLIM) WAS ESTABLISHED AND WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS?

Government of India in 1970 established PLIM as an organization to monitor the quality of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha drugs. This is an apex laboratory helping to lay down the standards of Ayurvedic medicines. It is the approved laboratory under the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. This laboratory is situated in the CGO Complex at Ghaziabad (U.P.).

Q.22 DOES ANY PROGRAM FOR CONVERSION AND CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXIST IN THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT PLANNING?

Yes, various programs have been launched through Central Assistance for development and cultivation of medicinal plants. The Reproductive Child Health Program (RCH) undertaken by Department of Family Welfare has an ISM component i.e. ‘Vanaspati Van’ Scheme for raising medicinal plants especially of mother and child health importance. This scheme aims at providing traditional health care through medicinal plants at the doorstep of the rural and tribal population of India, where the conventional modes of treatment are not available. Moreover, the use of medicinal plants for medical care is the culture bound practice of Indian Society especially rural one. The Department of Indian System of Medicine provides Financial Assistance to various Government/Semi-Government institutes under the control of Centre/State/UT governments to propagate cultivation and development of medicinal plants, Department of Biotechnology imparts financial assistance for Biodiversity conservation projects including cultivation, post harvest processing and storage of medicinal sources. Similarly Department of Forests is also engaged in such activities.

Q.23 WHAT IS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DOING FOR ENDANGERED INDIAN SPECIES OF MEDICINEAL PLANTS USED IN VARIOUS FORMULATIONS OF AYURVEDA?

Threatened or endangered or vulnerable medicinal plants species are being attempted to be protected in various ways. In situ and Ex situ conservation, development of Agro-techniques for cultivation of plants of medicinal importance for commercial use, banning export of endangered species or their extracts or products made there from and encouraging the farmers for propagation and cultivation of commercially viable medicinal plants are, some of the very important steps taken by the Government to preserve the Indian species and to make these available for sustainable use. Restrictions are imposed for rampant deforestation and collection of raw materials of medicinal importance from the wild sources.

Q.24 WHAT ARE THE FUTURE POTENTIAL PROGRAMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AYURVEDA?

Medicinal Plant Board, essential drug list of Ayurveda, National Ayurvedic Hospital, induction of ISM component in major Allopathic hospitals and setting up Panchkarma and Kshar sutra therapy units in State level and Central Government hospitals are some of the prime issues to be instrumental in the propagation of departmental activities of ISM&H.

‘Medicinal Plant Board’ will take care of conservation and cultivation for sustainable use of medicinal plants from administrative and technical angles. Department of ISM&H would be the nodal agency for its operation in interface mainly with Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Bio-technology, Department of Commerce and Ministry of Law.

Q.25  IS THERE ANY REGULATIONS FOR MANUFECTURINT AYURVEDIC MEDICINE?

Regulation does exist.  Manufacturers have to receive a prior license from the State Drug Controlling Authority for running an Ayurvedic Pharmacy. Formulations whether classical or patent proprietary have to be got cleared from the competent authority before starting commercial manufacturing.

Q.26 IS THERE ANY CODE OF CONDUCT FOR GOOD MANUFECTURING PRACTICES (GMP) AMONG AYURVEDIC MANUFACTURERS?

In the past there was no provision/regulatory binding for ensuring good manufacturing of Ayurvedic medicines. Imposition of GMP through an amendment in the current licensing procedures has been implemented w.e.f. 23-6-2000. This will not only pose stringent guidelines for having standard hygienic conditions in the pharmacy, but will also help in

Q.27  WHAT ARE THE WELL-KNOWN INSTITUTINS /HOSPITALS OF AYURVEDA IN INDIA?

1. Sir Sunderla ayurvedic Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP

2.  Institute of Post Graduate Training and Research in Ayurveda-Hospital Gujrat University

3. Aryavadyashala Ayurved Hospital, Kottakal (Kerala)

4. Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Kadam Kuan, Patna.

  1. Govt. Ayurvedic College Hospital, Jalukbari, Gauhati – 781014
  2. A&U Tibbiya College, New Delhi, Ayurved & Unani Tibbia College& Hospital,Karol Bagh,New Delhi –5.
  3. Govt. Ayurveda Hospital, Bhadra, Ahmedabad.
  4. Government Ayurveda Hospital, Opp. Panigate Depot, Ajwa Road, Baroda – 390019.
  5. P.D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, College Road, Nadiad.
  6. Govt. Regional Ayurvedic Hospital Paprola,Distt. Kangra (H.P).
  7. Shri Jayachamarajendra Institute of Indian Medicine,Dhanwantri Road, Bangalore –9.
  8. Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Sayyaji RaoRoad, Visweshwaraiah Circle, Mysore – 21.
  9. BMK, AM, Belgaum, KLE Society’s Shri BMK Ayurved MedicalCollege & Hospital, Khasbag, Belgaum.
  10. ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic College Hospital, Koppa.
  11. Sri DM Ayurveda Hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi-574118.
  12. Ayurveda College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram.
  13. VAC, Kottakkal, Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier Ayurveda College&Hospital, EdarikodeP.O., Distt. Mallapuram –676501.
  14. Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Amkho, Laskar, Gwalior – 474009.
  15. Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Raipur, Madhya Pradesh.
  16. GAC, Nanded, Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Vazirabad, Nanded.
  17. Pakwasa Samanvya Rugnalaya, Ayurved College Hospital, Killa Road Mahal, Nagpur –440002.
  18. MA Podar Ayurvedic Hospital, Worli, Mumbai-18.
  19. Tilak AC, Pune, Vd. Purushottam Shastri Nanal Rugnalaya25, Karve Road, Pune-21.
  20. Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University,College of Ayurved, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune-43.
  21. Ayurvedic Medical College c/o Ganga Hospital, New Building, Rankalaves, Kolhapur-416012.
  22. Gopabandhu Ayurveda Hospital, Puri.
  23. Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Near Shere Punjab Market, Patiala.
  24. Dayanand Ayurvedic College, Jalandhar.
  25. RPS Ayurved Hospital, College Campus,Uaipur. (2) Ayurved Hospital, Moti Chohtta, Udaipur.
  26. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur.
  27. State Ayurvedic Hospital & Kings English Hospital, Tulsidas Marg, Lucknow – 226004.
  28. Rishikul Govt. Ayurvedic College, Hardwar-249401.
  29. Lalit Hari Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Pilibhit-262001.
  30. JB Roy Government Ayurvedic College, 170-172, Raja Dinendra Street, Calcutta-700048.
  31. Dhanvantari AC, Chandigarh, Pt. Kedarnath Memorial Ayurvedic Hospital, Sector – 46B, Chandigarh.
  32. Regional Research Centre (AY.) Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium Complex –‘A’ First Floor, North wing, Vijayawada-520010 (AP).
  33. Regional Research Institute (Ay,) Taj Manzil, Sardar Bagh, Junagadh –362001.(Gujarat)
  34. Indian institute of Panchkarma, Chruthuruthy –679531, Via Shoranur. (Kerala)
  35. Regional Research Institute (DR), Roojapura, Thiruvananthapuram –950012.(Kerala)
  36. Regional Research Institute (Ay.) Ullahs Nagar, Kherapapati Kila Road, Gwalior-474002.(Madhya Pradesh)
  37. Central Research Institute (Ay.) Raja Ramdeo Anandilal Poddar, Worli, Mumbai –400018.(Maharashtra)
  38. Regional Research Centre (Ay.) 1093, Gorepeth, Nagpur –440010.(Maharashtra)
  39. Central Research Institute (Ay.), Bhubaneswar-751009(Orissa)
  40. Indian Institute of Kayachikitsa, Patiala –147001 (Punjab)
  41. Central Research Institute (Ay.), Road No.66, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi – 110026.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 6.  Brief History and Principles of AMI

History: Ayurveda is composed of two words; Ayu (life) and Veda (science), literally means life sciences and its origin is traced back to the early date of Rig Veda (4500-1600 BC)..  Ayu is defined as the combination of physical body, senses, mind, and spirit.  AMI considers a person healthy only if the physical body, senses, mind and spirit are healthy.  The concept of disease management using herbs and dietary interventions evolved in to a science that formed the basis of the name “Ayurveda” around 2500-600 BC.  

Susrut (300-400 BC) delineated AMI into eight distinct specialties which are similar to those in conventional medicine.

1. Kaya Chikitsa (Medicine), 2.  Shalya Tantra (Surgery), 3. Shalakya Tantra (minor surgery, diseases of the ear, nose, throat and eyes), 4. Bhuta Vidya (Psychiatry), 5. Kaumarabhritya (Pediatrics and obstetrics), 6. Agada Tantra  (Toxicology), 7. Rasayana Tantra (Science promoting health and longevity), 8.  Vajeekarana Tantra (The science of geriatrics, aphrodisiacs and rejuvenation). Three non-clinical specialties of AMI are: 1. Bhasajya Kalpana (Pharmacy, pharmaceutical formulations),2. Rasausadhi (Science of formulations of metals and minerals),3.Dravya Guan (Pharmacology: of herbs and minerals).

Principles of AMI

 

  The physical body contains three biomaterials called doshas (vata, pitta and kapha) derived from five elements, earth, water, air fire, and space.  The biomaterials are called doshas because they get vitiated and also vitiate other components of the body.  Since the three doshas are responsible for maintaining normal health, they are also called normal tissues (dhatus). Vata has the major physical attributes of air and space elements, pitta has predominance of fire and Kapha has the predominance of earth and water elements.   The three doshas may also be understood as conceptual entities to explain body functions.  Kapha may be visualized as basic mass of the body, Pitta as chemical activity and, Vata as energy pool and motion in constant interplay with each other.  Using this schema, diseases are the result of imbalance among these doshas.  The imbalance results from unhealthy lifestyles, exposure to various physical, chemical and biological agents, unhealthy diets, overexertion from physical or mental activities, or a combination of these factors.

Management of illness basically consists of elimination of the causative factor for the imbalance, administration of various remedies and dietary interventions to bring doshas back into balance, elimination of serious worries, and nurturing the soul to regain spiritual health.   Ayurvedic diagnostic methods developed several thousand years ago are still used today with effectiveness and confirmed by conventional laboratory diagnostic methods.   

AMI differs from conventional medicine basically in the following aspects. 1.  It uses herbs, mineral preparations, herbal formulas, herbo-mineral formulas, Yoga, meditation, spiritual counseling and dietary and life style interventions.  2. It does not utilize synthetic drugs or antibiotics.  It differs from Chinese medicine with respect to the concept of disease development.  It has three doshas concept of diseases while the Chinese have only two factors.  Its single herbs, herbal text formulas, metallic and mineral formulas, and diagnostic methods are different than Chinese medicine.   It is also different from Homeopathic medicine with respect to disease concept (similar cures similar), treatment concept (only symptoms are treated and not the patho0logy). Homeopathic daily doses of remedies are in 10 -12 gm to 10-30 gm amounts.  These dose levels given in water as a vehicle are much lower than many chemicals, elements, and minerals present in public water supply that may also have some effect based on homeopathic belief. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix7.   Sources of Theoretical and Scientific knowledge of AMI

Following Ayurvedic Texts are the chief sources of information.  Texts considered the basic treatises in AMI called Senior Triad.  The first is Charak Samhita (100-400 AD) which deals with medicine. It has description of 200 diseases and 150 pathological conditions which compare well with the current knowledge, the second is Susrut Samhita (300-400 that describes surgical procedures, and the third is Ashtang Hridaya Samhita (700 AD) which is a concise version of Charak Samhita and Susrut Samhita. The second set of books are known as the Junior Triad and includes Madhav Nidan Samhita (1200 AD) which dealt with diagnosis of diseases, Sarangdhar Samhita (1400 AD)  and Bhava Praksh Samhita (1500 AD) which dealt with Materia Medica.  In addition, there are three other equally important books:  Kahyap Samhita which dealt with pediatrics and obstetrics, Dravyagun Samagraha dealt with medicinal plants and metals, and Raj Nighantu which also dealt with medicinal plants.  All these books are available in English translation and used as text books in ayurvedic Schools in India.  In addition there are many books available on ayurvedic medicine: 1. overview, 2. diagnosis of diseases, 3. other ayurvedic specialties  

In recent years, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (The Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, Delhi-110054, India, 2000-2003) has published the following books that are used in Ayurvedic colleges as official source of information and standards.

1. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India.  It has 441 Ayurvedic Text formulas which include aqueous liquids, oils, powders, tablets, pills, and others (Asava, arishta, ark, avaleh, kvath, curn, guggulu, grita, taila, dravak, kshara, lepa, vati, gutika, rasayana, parpati, bhasma, mandura, rasa yoga, and lauha), 27 single drugs of animal origin, 42 single drugs of mineral origin, 271 single drugs of plant origin accompanied with disease indication index. 

2. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India  has included 326 Ayurvedic plants out of over 1000 ayurvedic herbs cited in the Text books with botanical names and identification criteria, standards for the parts of the plant used, physical tests and determinations, quantitative data for vegetable drugs, limits for arsenic, chlorides, heavy metals, mercury, iron, lead, sulfated ash, and sulfates present in the drugs with complete official testing methods

3. Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants by Chatterjee, A., Pakrashi, S.C (1991) is a five volume, 180 to 325 page/volume treatise.  This book has over  800 medicinal plants discussed in Senior and Junior triads.  There have been many scientific studies and clinical trials conducted on ayurvedic therapies during the last 50 years.  Much of this work has been   summarized in a recent book, Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic Therapies, Mishra L.C. Editor, CRC Press Florida, 2003.

4. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants by Ram Rastogi and B.N. Mehrotra. ( Vol 1. 1960-69) (Vol. 2. 1970-79) (Vol. 3. 1980- 84) (Vol. 4. 1985-89) (Vol. 5, 1990-94) (518 to 1016 pages per volume)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 8.  AMI Research

There are research councils and research institutes functioning throughout the country conducting research on different aspects of AMI. The Government of India established a research council, The Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine, Homoeopathy & Yoga (CCRIMH) in 1971, which was subsequently modified into four independent councils in 1978. The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS) is the premium body for the formation, coordination, development and promotion of scientific research in the Ayurveda and Siddha Systems of Medicine. The Council had 89 field units under it and they have been re-organized into 30 Institutes/Units including Headquarters Office (Appendix 4). It has taken up the Research activities in various fields considered by the council can be broadly categorized into:

Clinical research:  It encompasses clinical trials and surveillance programs, community   health programs and tribal health programs

 

Drug research:  It encompasses Medico-Botanical Survey, and Cultivation of Medicinal plants, pharmacognosy studies and phytochemical profiling of plants used in AMI, Plant Tissue Culture, Pharmacological and toxicological studies and drug standardization. It also has a breeding program for Musk Deer, which is the source of well-known drug ‘Kasturi’.

 

Literary research: It encompasses publication of Rare and Classical manuscripts of Ayurveda and Siddha, publication of monographs on the basis of the studies undertaken by the Council, publication of scientific Journal/Bulletin, publication of activities of the Council in the form of Newsletter, publication of pamphlets on research findings and preparation of video-films on various research achievements.

 

Family Welfare Research:  It encompasses research on family welfare such as anti-fertility studies  

 

Besides CRAS, research activities are carried out in other Postgraduate Institutes as part of MD dissertation and Ph.D. Thesis.  Research studies on Ayurvedic drugs and therapies are carried out throughout the country in many conventional medical colleges giving MBBS (= MD) degree. However, some institutes have done important research work on Ayurvedic herbs. The major institutes conducting research on Ayurvedic plants are:

 

1.      Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai,

2.      Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI- Lucknow),

3.      Regional Research Laboratory (Jammu), National Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER- Mohali),

4.      Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI)-Trivandrum,

5.      Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP- Lucknow),

6.      National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI- Lucknow),

7.      Pharmacology Departments attached to Institute of Medical Sciences- Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi,

8.      KG Medical college Lucknow, SPARC- Mumbai,  University Department of Pharmaceutical sciences,

9.      Punjab University

10.  Himalaya Drug Company, Dabur Research Center,

11.  Zandu Research foundation

      (Appendix 4: Regional Research Institutes, Appendix 5: Post Graduate Study Centers)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 9. AMI Education and Training in the US and in India

 

Education in the US

 

Since AMI is not regulated in US, educational standards are also not regulated.  There is no Board to examine the students to assure minimum standard knowledge base.  To say the least, Ayurvedic education in the US is chaotic and insufficient to treat patients. Much of the education is centered on non-drug therapies described in AMI, e.g., Yoga, meditation, and spiritual counseling.  Some people in the US are giving out certificates after only 200 to 300 lecture hours or after a few week-end courses as compared to 2900 lecture hours, 700 practicum hours and one year of hospital training in India.  Since it is not a regulated medical system in the US, it is difficult to attract students with a minimum of two years of college level courses in physics, chemistry, and biology and then expect them to spend four and half years in college and another one  year for internship in a hospital.  An increasing number of persons with no science background will be given certificates of knowledge base which is not true and will create a hazard for US citizens.  

 

An internet search revealed that there are at least 22 such schools currently operating in the US (Appendix 6).  If each school on average turning out 50 students per year, then 1100 Ayurvedic practitioners are added every year to the existing pool which may be over ten  thousand since these schools have been operating for over a decade.  If AMI is regulated and licenses are given to those qualifying for full physician license, there will be plenty of students who would opt to enroll in a full degree program rather than 400 – 600 hour program and better qualified  candidates can be selected for admission.  The existing U S trained practitioners may also opt to take additional courses to get full license to practice AMI.  Currently, there are a few hundred BAMS Ayurvedic physicians in the US helping to familiarize Americans in Ayurvedic therapies.

                 

Education in India

At present, more than 190 undergraduate Ayurvedic colleges in India offer a BAMS degree (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery) program of 4 ½ years duration and one year of internship meeting the standards of the Central Council of Indian Medicine which is a statutory body that regulates the ISM education in the country (Appendix 7. ahttp://www.ccimindia.org/curriculum_ayurveda_1_6.htm)  Minimum standard for admission is two years of college in physics chemistry and biology group, a requirement similar for the admission to M.B.B.S. degree program, a counterpart to US MD degree. In fact in many states there is a common entrance test to admit candidates to either course.  The Department of ISM, has prepared a course material containing basic concepts and fundamentals of ISM&H for incorporation in MBBS (e.g., MD in US) curricula, the conventional medicine education. This has been forwarded to Medical Council of India for appropriate action .which regulates education and practice of AMI in the country is initiating steps to revise the curriculum to suit the present day requirement by placing emphasis on science oriented teaching. 

Postgraduate Education

 

The Post Graduate Education is available in over 30 research institutes and offer specialization in 16 clinical and preclinical Ayurvedic specialty areas such as medicine, surgery, pediatrics, pharmacology, pathology, pharmacy, Rasa Vigyan and others. Besides the mainstream institutes there is The Government of India’s National Academy of Ayurveda which was established to impart intensive training in different specialties for graduates and post graduates of AMI under the guidance of eminent scholars similar to the earlier custom known as “Guru Shishya Parampara”. The prominent post graduate institutions are listed here.

 

1. Gujrat Ayurvedic University financed by Government of India, has five colleges.    

a..  Shri Gulabkunverba Mahavidyalaya funded by the Gujarat State,

b. Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences,

c.. Institute of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant Sciences,

d.. International Center for Ayurvedic Studies,

e. Mahrishi Patanjali Institute for Yoga and Naturopathy Education and Research. 

 

2.  Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

3. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 10.  AMI drug regulation in India  

There is a Drug Control Group in the Department of Indian system of Medicine (ISM). It deals with various issues pertaining to quality control, import, export, FIPB Cases, classification of drugs under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Patent related issues and establishment of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). It monitors and co-ordinates implementation of legislation relating to drugs of ISM & H.  The agency may be a good source for information on matters related to regulations.

AMI is covered by the Drugs and Cosmetic Act (1940) and rules (1945) of the country and the manufacturer is expected to comply with the rules delineated under this Act. In 1960 Chapter-IV and other related chapters were added.  Chapter IV deals with Manufacture, Sale and Distribution of Drugs and Cosmetics, Chapter IV-A which is subsequently added deals with provisions related to Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Drugs. Under this chapter 19 sections dealing with different aspects have been described.  All the drug manufacturing and dispensing activity in the country is covered under this Act.  According to the Clause 3(a) of this act, definition of Ayurvedic drug includes all medicines intended for internal and external use for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals and manufactured exclusively in accordance with the formulae prescribed in the authoritative texts of AMI (which have been specified in the First Schedule of the Act).  Clause- 3h describes Patent and Proprietary Medicines. This refers to formulations prepared utilizing the drugs listed in the formulae mentioned in the authoritative texts and mentioned under Schedule-I, but excludes drugs administered by parenteral route and formulations mentioned in the books mentioned in the First Schedule.  Schedule E1 of the Act contains list of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic and Unani system. In addition to the above, other acts that are relevant to manufacturing of Ayurvedic drugs are:

1. Medicine and Toiletry Preparation Act,

2. Magic Remedies and Objectionable Advertisement Act,

3. Poisons Act,

4. Weights and measurement Act,

5. Shops and Establishment Act

6.. Dangerous Drugs (Psychotropic and Narcotic Substances)

7. Patents Act and in future Bio-diversity Act (which is in the offing).

Three types of agencies are involved in the administration of the Acts and Rules mentioned above. There are Drugs Technical Advisory Boards and Drugs Consultative Committees, which act as Advisory bodies. Drug Testing Laboratories provide support by shouldering the analytical responsibilities and licensing and controlling authorities function as the executive wing.  The Technical Advisory Board and the Drugs Consultative Committee have been set up to advice the Government on matters relating to ISM drugs.  The Drug controller General of India is in charge of licensing and enforcing of the above Acts and rules. At the state level there are Drug controllers or Food and Drugs Administration Commissioners who shoulder this responsibility. The drugs manufactured in Ayurvedic sector are also under their controlling authority. In some states like Kerala, there are officers trained in AMI who provide technical assistance to the enforcing authorities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 11.  Manufacturing of AMI Drugs in India 

There are more than 8500 manufacturers of Ayurvedic formulas in the country.   Ten firms have a turn over of Rs. 50 crores (US $ 5 million) annually.  Twenty five firms have an annual turn over between Rs. 5-50 crores (US $1 to 10 million ),  965 firm have a turn over between Rs. 1-5 crores (less than US $ 1 million) and the remaining are very small firms with an annual turn over of less than Rs.1 crore. The market share of Ayurvedic drugs is around Rs. 3,5000 million (US $ 700 million).

      At present there are more than 8000 licensed pharmacies manufacturing Ayurvedic drugs in the country. There is a Mumbai based Ayurvedic Drug Manufacturer’s Association which can be contacted for further details about issues related to Ayurvedic drug manufacturing.

      Manufacturing of Ayurvedic drugs except in accordance with the prescribed standards is prohibited. It is essential to obtain a license from the licensing authority to manufacture Ayurvedic drugs. Separate licensing is required for each of the manufacturing premises maintained by the manufacturer. Manufacturing activity can also be undertaken through a loan license. For drug manufacturing it is necessary to maintain a certain level of hygiene and optimum manufacturing conditions. These conditions are specified in the Schedule-T of the Act (mentioned under the Schedule to the rules). On 23rd June 2000 an amendment was made in the above act to specify Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs. It is notified to ensure that  raw materials used in the manufacture of drugs are authentic, of prescribed quality and are free from contamination, 2) drugs are manufactured according to standard conditions, 3) that adequate quality control measures are adopted and 4) the manufactured preparations released in to the market are of acceptable quality.

Indian System of Medicine Manufacturing Industry is in the process of a technical up grade to comply with GMP norms prescribed by The Government of India. To achieve the objectives listed above, each licensee is expected to evolve methodology and procedures for following the prescribed process of manufacture of drugs, which should be documented as a manual and kept for reference and inspection. However, teaching institutions and registered qualified Vaidyas, Siddhas and Hakeems who prepare medicines on their own to dispense to their patients and not selling such drugs in the market are exempted from the purview of this practice. There are two parts in it. Part-I contains specification regarding the maintenance of factory premises and Part- II contains the list of machinery, equipment and minimum manufacturing premises required.

For the implementation of drug testing provisions under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 it is necessary to evolve Pharmacopoeia standards. At present Pharmacopoeia standards are available for 258 Ayurvedic herbs.  Standards for 654 Text formulations have been published in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The Department of Indian system of Medicine (ISM) is developing additional pharmacopoeia standards through pharmacopoeia Committees.  Three volumes of Part I of the pharmacopoeia called Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia have been published containing 258 monographs. The target is to cover 600 single herbs to be included in the pharmacopoeia.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 12:  Regional Research Institutes (RRI)  under Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, New Delhi- 110058, Ph: 011-5528748/5536520/5624457 (O), 5614971 (R)

 RRI’s Addresses:

1.  Road No. 66, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi – 110026, 011-5919128/5411059 Fax: 5464546

2. R.A. Podar College, Worli, Mumbai – 400018, Ph: 022-4947822 (Fax) 4947833 (O) 0250-462991 (R)

1.      4, CN Block, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Calcutta – 700 091, Ph/fax: 033-3673808

2.      RCRI,AA Govt. Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106 Ph: 044-6214809 (O), 6214925 (G), 6265857 (R).

3.      Cheruthuruthy, Via. Shoranur, Trichur, Kerala – 679531  Ph/fax: 0488-462366, 462543 (O), 462544 (H), 622175 (R)

4.      No. 1, Bhubaneswar – 751009, Ph/fax: 0674-530125, 531941 (H), 570650/570705 (R).

5.      Moti Bagh Road, Patiala – 147 001, Ph/fax: 0175-212393, 228361(H), 212348 (R).

6.      Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Amhho, Gwalior- 474009, Ph/fax: 0751-323307, 430317 (Fax), 327959 (R).

7.      474/6, Sitapur Road, Lucknow – 206020, Ph/fax: 0522-369156, 362341/732238(R).

8.      Indira Colony, Jhotwara, Bani Park, Jaipur – 320016, Ph/fax: 0141-200812/206063, 392174/399646 (R).

9.      1044-Jagnada Chowk, KDK College Rd., Nandanwan, Nagpur- 440009,, Ph/fax: 0712-714230, 242310 (R).

10.  Govt. Central Pharmacy Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar, Bangalore – 560 011, Ph/fax: 080-6562030, 2272208 (R).

11.   Poojapura, Trivandrum – 695012, Ph/fax: 0471-340628, 342070 (R).

12.  Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium Complex A, First Floor, North Wing, Vijayawada – 520 010, Ph/fax: 0866-472535, 481512 (R).

13.  Govt. Pharmacy (Upstairs), Indira Nagar, Gorimedu, Pondicherry- 605 5006, Ph: 0413-272420 (O), 202097 (R).

14.  D Block, Rajindra Memorial Res. Institute Bldg., Agam Kuan, Patna – 800 007, Ph/fax: 0612-631678, 345775 (R).

15.  Borsojai (Bhetapara), Beltola, Guwahati – 781 028, Assam, Ph: 0361-303714

16.  Tadung, Gangtok, Sikkim – 737102, Ph/fax: 03592-31494, 81649/81662 (R).

17.  New Itanagar – 791 111 (Arunachal Pradesh), Ph/fax: 0361-212284, 211498 (O), 212520 (R).

18.  20, Rewari  Chowk, Jammu – 180005, Ph/fax: 0191-546475.

19.  Gandhi Bhawan, Mandi – 175 001 (HP), Ph/fax:01905-35236.

20.  Tarikhet – 263663 (Uttaranchal), Ph/fax: 05966-64227, 64222(R).

21.  Gwalior Road, Jhansi, – 284 003 (UP), Ph/fax: 05174-442132

22.  Tajmanzil, Sardar Bagh, Junagadh – 362 001, Ph/fax: 0285-631631.

23.  Nehru Garden, Kothrud, Pune- 411 029, Ph: 020-5383138, 5386715 (fax), 5442338 (R).

24.  Indian Institute of History of Medicine, Osmania Medical College Buildgs, Putlibowli, Hyderabad – 500 095, Ph/fax: 040-4657388, 3511259 (R).

25.  CSMDRIA, A.A. Govt. Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai- 600 106, Ph: 044-6214823/6207566 (O), 6282487 (R).

26.  Dr. A. Laksmipati Research, Centre for Ayurveda, VHS Medical Centre, Adyar, Chennai – 600 113, Ph: 044-2541537.

27.  Regional Research Institute (Ay), Hastinapur- 250 404, Ph/fax: 95123380176, 95123380338 (R).

28.CCRAS Main Office,  #61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D. Block, New Delhi-110058, Ph:5528748/5624457

Further detail can be obtained from the Council’s Head quarters:Address : Jawahar Lal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Avum Homeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan, No. 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. 'D' Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058 ( India )Tel : 91-011-5614970 / 71 / 72 Fax : 91-011-5528748E-mail: ccras@ndf.vsnl.net.in or ccras@del6.vsnl.net.in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 13.   Post graduate study centers

 

 1. Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow- 226 001

.2. Dabur Research Foundation- 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad- 201 010

 3.  Himalaya Drug Company, Research and Development Centre, Makali, Bangalore-563 123

4. Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Banaras Hindu University,  Varanasi- 226 004

5.  Institute of Postgraduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved  

            University, Post Box no –4, Jamnagar- 361 008

6.  National Institute of Ayurveda, Madhav Vilas Palace, Ajmer Road, Jaipur- 302 002

7. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS- Nagar,  Mohali, Punjab

8. National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI- Lucknow), Rana Pratap Marg Lucknow- 226 001

9.  R.A. Podar Medical College, Dr. Annie Bessant Road, Worli, Mumbai- 400 018

10. Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir-181 001

11.  State Ayurvedic College, Tulsidas Marg, Turia Ganj, Luckonw- 226 004

12.  Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda Research Centre (SPARC)-  13th N A S. Road, Mittal Nagar, JBPD-Scheme, Juhu,  Mumbai- 400 049.

13. Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI)-Pacha- Palode Trivandrum-695 562.

14. Zandu Research foundation attached to Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd., 70,Gokhale Road South (Dadar), Mumbai- 400 025.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 14.   Confirmation of effectiveness of AMI in diseases by CCRAS clinical trials

1. Anal fistula

2. Asthma

3. Diabetes

4. Epilepsy

5. Hemorrhoids

6. Filariasis,

7. Heart disease

8. Hypertension

9. Malaria

10. Hemiplegia

11. Myopia

12. Obesity

13. Paraplegia

14. Peptic ulcer

15. Psoriasis

16. Osteo-arthritis

17. Rheumatoid arthritis

18. Schizophrenia

19. Urolithiasis. 

 


Appendix 15.   AMI drugs known to have confirmed therapeutic effects

Disease/symptoms                                Herb                                              Popular name

1. Edema                                              Achyranthes aspera Linn. Apamarga

2. Mental distress                                 Acorus calamus Linn.                    Vacha

3. Bronchiolar constriction                    Adhatoda zeylanica Medic.          Vasa

4. Intestinal worms                                Butea monosperma (Lam              Palasha

5. Arthritis, inflammation &                   Commiphora mukul, Wightii         Guggul

6. High cholesterol                                Commiphora mukul, Wightii         Guggul

7. Bone fracture                                                  Cissus quadrangularis Linn.         Vajravalli

8. Malaria                                             Alstonia scholaris R. Br.              Saptaparna      

9. Liver disorders                                 Andrographis paniculata Nees     Bhunimba        

10.Cardiac disorders                            Artemisia vulgaris Linn.                Nimba 

                                                            Terminalia arjuna                         Arjuna

11. Bacterial or virus                             Azadirachta Indica A. Juss            Nimba             

12. Memory problem                            Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell    Brahmi

13. Inflammation &                               Boerhaavia diffusa                        Punarnava       

15. Severe constipation                         Cassia angustifolia Vahl.              Rechani           

16. Muscle spasm                                 Cedrus deodara (Roxb.).               Devadaaru       

17. Memory problem                            Celastrus paniculatus Willd.         Jyotishmati       

18. Nerve weakness                             Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban.     Mandukaparni 

19. Malaria and fevers                          Caesalpinia crista Linn.                 Natakaranja    

20 Inflammation                                    Curcuma longa Linn.                     Haridraa

21. Diabetes                                         Eugenia jambolana Lam.              Jamboo           

22. Dysentery                                       Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.  Kutaja           

23. Convulsions                                    Masilea minuta Linn.                     Sunisannak

24. Liver toxicity                                                   Picrorhiza kurroa Royle.                           Kutuka

25. Mild constipation                            Plantago ovata Forsk                   Ishadgola

26. Skin white spot                               Psoralea corylifolia Linn. akuchi 

27. Low breast milk                              Pueraria tuberosa DC.                 Vidarikanda     

28. Low muscle mass                           Sida rhombifolia Linn.                   Mahabala        

29. Fever                                             Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham.            Kairata           

30. Ischemic Heart weakness                Terminalia arjuna W. and A.        Arjuna

31. Mental distress,                              Withania somnifera Dunal            Ashwagandha   

exhaustion, and inflammation